Edit count of the user (user_editcount) | null |
Name of the user account (user_name) | '2A0A:EF40:42:7001:AC88:2EF9:F559:6927' |
Age of the user account (user_age) | 0 |
Groups (including implicit) the user is in (user_groups) | [
0 => '*'
] |
Rights that the user has (user_rights) | [
0 => 'createaccount',
1 => 'read',
2 => 'edit',
3 => 'createtalk',
4 => 'writeapi',
5 => 'viewmyprivateinfo',
6 => 'editmyprivateinfo',
7 => 'editmyoptions',
8 => 'abusefilter-log-detail',
9 => 'urlshortener-create-url',
10 => 'centralauth-merge',
11 => 'abusefilter-view',
12 => 'abusefilter-log',
13 => 'vipsscaler-test'
] |
Whether or not a user is editing through the mobile interface (user_mobile) | false |
Whether the user is editing from mobile app (user_app) | false |
Page ID (page_id) | 276806 |
Page namespace (page_namespace) | 0 |
Page title without namespace (page_title) | 'Gulf of Aqaba' |
Full page title (page_prefixedtitle) | 'Gulf of Aqaba' |
Edit protection level of the page (page_restrictions_edit) | [] |
Last ten users to contribute to the page (page_recent_contributors) | [
0 => 'CoolieCoolster',
1 => 'Vsmith',
2 => '2A00:A041:3B9A:AC00:58E1:2FA1:9EE1:B706',
3 => 'John of Reading',
4 => 'ElLuzDelSur',
5 => 'Vesperius',
6 => 'Mazewaxie',
7 => 'SunDawn',
8 => '83.185.247.212',
9 => 'Annh07'
] |
Page age in seconds (page_age) | 656698497 |
Action (action) | 'edit' |
Edit summary/reason (summary) | '' |
Time since last page edit in seconds (page_last_edit_age) | 58642 |
Old content model (old_content_model) | 'wikitext' |
New content model (new_content_model) | 'wikitext' |
Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Large gulf at the northern tip of the Red Sea}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name = Gulf of Aqaba
| native_name = {{native name list |tag1=ar|name1=خَلِيج الْعَقَبَة |tag2=he|name2=מפרץ אילת}}
| other_name = Gulf of Eilat
| image = Gulf of Suez map.jpg
| caption = The [[Sinai Peninsula]] with the Gulf of Aqaba to the east and the [[Gulf of Suez]] to the west
| image_bathymetry =
| caption_bathymetry =
| location = [[West Asia]]
| coords = {{Coord|28|45|N|34|45|E|type:waterbody_scale:1000000|display=title,inline}}|pushpin_map=Egypt
| type = Gulf
| inflow = [[Red Sea]]
| outflow =
| catchment =
| basin_countries = Egypt, Israel, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia
| length = {{convert|160|km|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|24|km|abbr=on}}
| area = {{cvt|239|km2}}
| depth =
| max-depth = {{convert|1850|m|abbr=on}}
| cities = [[Aqaba]], [[Eilat]], [[Taba, Egypt|Taba]], [[Haql]], [[Sharm El Sheikh]]
}}
The '''Gulf of Aqaba''' ({{lang-ar|خَلِيج الْعَقَبَة|Khalīj al-ʿAqaba}}) or '''Gulf of Eilat''' ({{lang-he|מפרץ אילת|Mifrátz Eilát}}) is a large [[gulf]] at the northern tip of the [[Red Sea]], east of the [[Sinai Peninsula]] and west of the [[Arabian Peninsula]]. Its coastline is divided among four countries: [[Egypt]], [[Israel]], [[Jordan]], and [[Saudi Arabia]]. The [[Eilat's Coral Beach|northernmost coral reef]] in the world is situated near the [[Eilat]] shore.
==Geography==
The gulf is east of the Sinai Peninsula and west of the Arabian Peninsula. With the [[Gulf of Suez]] to the west, it extends from the northern portion of the Red Sea. It reaches a maximum depth of {{convert|1850|m|ft}} in its central area: the Gulf of Suez is significantly wider but less than {{convert|100|m|ft|abbr=on}} deep.
[[File:Gulf of Suez from orbit 2007.JPG|thumb|The Sinai Peninsula separating the Gulf of Suez to the west and the Gulf of Aqaba, to the east.]]
[[File:Sinai, Egypt, Canyon through the mountains.jpg|thumb|View of the Gulf of Aqaba near Nuweiba, Egypt.]]
The gulf measures {{convert|24|km|mi|abbr=on}} at its widest point and stretches some {{convert|160|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} north from the [[Straits of Tiran]] to where Israel meets Egypt and Jordan.
[[File:Aqaba3.jpg|thumb|upright|The city of [[Aqaba]] is the largest on the gulf]]
Like the coastal waters of the Red Sea, the gulf is one of the world's premier sites for diving. The area is especially rich in [[coral]] and other marine biodiversity and has both accidental shipwrecks and vessels deliberately sunk in an effort to provide a habitat for marine organisms and bolster the local dive tourism industry.
===Cities===
At this northern end of the gulf are three important cities: [[Taba (Egypt)|Taba]] in Egypt, [[Eilat]] in Israel, and [[Aqaba]] in Jordan. They are strategically important commercial ports and popular resorts for tourists seeking to enjoy the warm climate. Further south, [[Haql]] is the largest Saudi Arabian city on the gulf. On Sinai, [[Sharm el-Sheikh]] and [[Dahab]] are the major centres.
The largest population center is Aqaba, with a population of 148,398 (2015), followed by Eilat with a population of 50,724 (2020).
===Extent===
The [[International Hydrographic Organization]] defines the southern limit of the gulf as "A line running from [[Ràs al Fasma]] Southwesterly to [[Requin Island]] ({{coord|27|57|N|34|36|E}}) through [[Tiran Island]] to the Southwest point thereof and thence Westward on a parallel (27°54'N) to the coast of the Sinaï Peninsula".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf|title=Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition|year=1953|publisher=International Hydrographic Organization|access-date=28 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008191433/http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf|archive-date=8 October 2011}}</ref>
==Geology==
The gulf is one of two gulfs created by the Sinai Peninsula's bifurcation of the northern Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez lying to the west of the peninsula and the Gulf of Aqaba to its east. Geologically, the gulf forms the southern end of the [[Dead Sea Transform]]. It contains three small [[pull-apart basin]]s, the Elat Deep, Aragonese Deep and Dakar Deep, formed between four left lateral [[Fault (geology)#Strike-slip faults|strike-slip fault]] segments. Movement on one of these faults caused the [[1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Active Faulting in the Gulf of Aqaba: New Knowledge from the Mw 7.3 Earthquake of 22 November 1995|url=http://www.ipgp.fr/~klinger/page_web/biblio/publication/klinger_BSSA99.pdf|first1=Yann|last1=Klinger|first2=Luis|last2=Rivera|first3=Henri|last3=Haessler|first4=Jean-Christophe|last4=Maurin|journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America|publisher=[[Seismological Society of America]]|volume=89|pages=1025–1036|date=August 1999|issue=4|doi=10.1785/BSSA0890041025|bibcode=1999BuSSA..89.1025K|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125020244/http://www.ipgp.fr/~klinger/page_web/biblio/publication/klinger_BSSA99.pdf|archive-date=25 January 2014|access-date=23 February 2013}}</ref>
==Ecology==
{{Further|Red Sea#Ecosystem}}
{{Further|Persian Gulf#Wildlife}}
==History==
[[File:Isle of Graia (crop).jpg|thumb|"[[Pharaoh's Island|Isle of Graia]] Gulf of Akabah Arabia Petraea", 1839 lithograph of a trade caravan in [[The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia]], by [[Louis Haghe]] from an original by [[David Roberts (painter)|David Roberts]].]]
Trade across the Red Sea between Thebes' port of [[Elim (Bible)|Elim]] and [[Elat]] at the head of the gulf is documented as early as the [[Fourth Dynasty of Egypt]]. Expeditions crossing the [[Red Sea]] and heading south to [[Land of Punt|Punt]] are mentioned in the [[Fifth dynasty of Egypt|fifth]], the [[Sixth dynasty of Egypt|sixth]], the [[Eleventh dynasty of Egypt|eleventh]], the [[Twelfth dynasty of Egypt|twelfth]] and the [[Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt|eighteenth dynasties of Egypt]], when [[Hatshepsut]] built a fleet to support the trade and journeyed south to Punt in a six-month voyage.{{Citation needed|reason=Feb 2009|date=February 2009}}
Thebes used [[Nubia]]n gold or Nub from her conquests south into [[Kingdom of Kush|Kush]] to facilitate the purchase of [[frankincense]], [[myrrh]], [[bitumen]], [[natron]], juniper oil, [[linen]], and [[copper]] amulets for the [[mummy|mummification]] industry at [[Karnak]]. Egyptian settlements near [[Timna]] at the head of the gulf date to the [[Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt]].
At the northern edge, the ancient city of Ayla (in present-day Aqaba) was a commercial hub for the [[Nabateans]]. The Romans built the [[Via Traiana Nova]], which joined the King's Highway at Aqaba and connected Africa to Asia and the Levant and [[Red Sea]] shipping.
Aqaba was a major [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] port, connected to [[Damascus]] and [[Medina]] by the [[Hejaz railway]]. During World War I, the [[Battle of Aqaba]] was the key battle that ended a 500-year Ottoman rule over [[Greater Syria]].{{fact|date=June 2022}}
== Fauna ==
In general, the [[fauna]] in the Red Sea represents the fauna in the waters of the [[Indian Ocean]], except that many species cannot penetrate it due to salinity and temperature limitations and some are only found in the southern part of the Red Sea. A large part of the species in the Red Sea are endemic and the proportion of several groups reaches about 30%. It is possible that some of them developed during the [[Tethys Sea]] period. The endemic species are more suitable to the conditions in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Eilat and therefore thrive there more than the oceanic species.<ref>[[:he:מדריך ישראל|מדריך ישראל]], סיני וחבל עזה, [[:he:הוצאת כתר|הוצאת כתר]] ו[[:he:משרד הביטחון – ההוצאה לאור|משרד הביטחון – ההוצאה לאור]], 1979, עמ' 124–126, 165–157, 239-185</ref>
==Tourism==
The gulf is one of the most popular diving destinations in the world. About 250,000 dives are performed annually in Eilat's 11 km coastline, and diving represents 10% of the tourism income of this area.<ref>Artificial Reefs and Dive Tourism in Eilat, Israel. Dan Wilhelmsson, Marcus C. Öhman, Henrik Ståhl and Yechiam Shlesinger. Ambio, Vol. 27, No. 8, Building Capacity for Coastal Management (Dec., 1998), pp. 764-766 Published by: Allen Press on behalf of Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences {{cite journal |jstor=4314831 |title=Artificial Reefs and Dive Tourism in Eilat, Israel |last1=Wilhelmsson |first1=Dan |last2=Öhman |first2=Marcus C. |last3=Ståhl |first3=Henrik |last4=Shlesinger |first4=Yechiam |journal=Ambio |year=1998 |volume=27 |issue=8 |pages=764–766 }}. the [[United Nations Environment Programme]]. Retrieved on 17 December. 2014</ref>
The Landscape of [[Wadi Rum]] to the east of the northern edge of the gulf is a popular destination. Other destinations are the ruins of the iron-age civilization of Ayla in the city of Aqaba, the site of the World War I [[Battle of Aqaba]], led by [[Lawrence of Arabia]].
[[Whale]]s, [[orca]]s, [[dolphin]]s, [[dugong]]s, and [[whale shark]]s live in the gulf as well.<ref>Sciara di N.G., Smeenk C., Rudolph P., Addink M., Baldwin R., Cesario A., Costa M., Feingold D., Fumagalli M., Kerem D., Goffman O., Elasar M., Scheinin A., Hadar N.. 2014. Summary review of cetaceans of the Red Sea.</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title = Dugongs in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden | work = unep.ch | url = http://unep.ch/regionalseas/main/persga/rednasr.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160128132736/http://www.unep.ch/regionalseas/main/persga/rednasr.html | archive-date = 2016-01-28 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px">
File:The Underwater Observatory in Eilat.jpg|[[Coral World Underwater Observatory]] at [[Eilat]]
File:Hilton hotel taba egypt.jpg|[[Taba (Egypt)|Taba]] beach
File:Sea goldies swimming next to a coral, the Red Sea, Gulf of Eilat, Israel..jpg|Red Sea coral and marine fish
File:Gulf of Eilat.jpg|A resort near [[Eilat's Coral Beach]]
</gallery>
==See also==
{{Div col|small=yes}}
*[[Al Jawf Region]]/[[Tabuk Region]]
*[[Aqaba Governorate]]
*[[Israeli Diving Federation]]
*[[South Sinai Governorate]]
*[[Tourism in Egypt]]
*[[Tourism in Israel]]
*[[Tourism in Jordan]]
*[[Bountiful (Book of Mormon)#Wadi Sayq/Khor Kharfot|Wadi Sayq/Khor Kharfot]]
{{Div col end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Regional%20Projects/Gulf%20of%20Aqaba-%20Environment The Red Sea Marine Peace Park] page on [[Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel|Israel's Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] – a joint Israel-Jordan initiative
{{List of seas}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
[[Category:Bodies of water of the Red Sea]]
[[Category:Gulfs of the Indian Ocean|Aqaba]]
[[Category:Bodies of water of Egypt]]
[[Category:Bodies of water of Israel]]
[[Category:Bodies of water of Jordan]]
[[Category:Gulfs of Saudi Arabia]]
[[Category:Aqaba]]
[[Category:Great Rift Valley]]
[[Category:South Sinai Governorate]]
[[Category:Jordan–Saudi Arabia border]]
[[Category:Israel–Jordan border]]
[[Category:Egypt–Israel border]]
[[Category:Gulfs of Asia|Aqaba]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | 'Saudi Arabia was invaded by aliens 👽😥 and all they do there is smoke some of them even look like poop 💩 {{Short description|Large gulf at the northern tip of the Red Sea}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name = Gulf of Aqaba
| native_name = {{native name list |tag1=ar|name1=خَلِيج الْعَقَبَة |tag2=he|name2=מפרץ אילת}}
| other_name = Gulf of Eilat
| image = Gulf of Suez map.jpg
| caption = The [[Sinai Peninsula]] with the Gulf of Aqaba to the east and the [[Gulf of Suez]] to the west
| image_bathymetry =
| caption_bathymetry =
| location = [[West Asia]]
| coords = {{Coord|28|45|N|34|45|E|type:waterbody_scale:1000000|display=title,inline}}|pushpin_map=Egypt
| type = Gulf
| inflow = [[Red Sea]]
| outflow =
| catchment =
| basin_countries = Egypt, Israel, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia
| length = {{convert|160|km|abbr=on}}'''Bold text'''
| width = {{convert|24|km|abbr=on}}
| area = {{cvt|239|km2}}
| depth =
| max-depth = {{convert|1850|m|abbr=on}}
| cities = [[Aqaba]], [[Eilat]], [[Taba, Egypt|Taba]], [[Haql]], [[Sharm El Sheikh]]
}}
The '''Gulf of Aqaba''' ({{lang-ar|خَلِيج الْعَقَبَة|Khalīj al-ʿAqaba}}) or '''Gulf of Eilat''' ({{lang-he|מפרץ אילת|Mifrátz Eilát}}) is a large [[gulf]] at the northern tip of the [[Red Sea]], east of the [[Sinai Peninsula]] and west of the [[Arabian Peninsula]]. Its coastline is divided among four countries: [[Egypt]], [[Israel]], [[Jordan]], and [[Saudi Arabia]]. The [[Eilat's Coral Beach|northernmost coral reef]] in the world is situated near the [[Eilat]] shore.
==Geography==
The gulf is east of the Sinai Peninsula and west of the Arabian Peninsula. With the [[Gulf of Suez]] to the west, it extends from the northern portion of the Red Sea. It reaches a maximum depth of {{convert|1850|m|ft}} in its central area: the Gulf of Suez is significantly wider but less than {{convert|100|m|ft|
At this northern end of the gulf are three important cities: [[Taba (Egypt)|Taba]] in Egypt, [[Eilat]] in Israel, and [[Aqaba]] in Jordan. They are strategically important commercial ports and popular resorts for tourists seeking to enjoy the warm climate. Further south, [[Haql]] is the largest Saudi Arabian city on the gulf. On Sinai, [[Sharm el-Sheikh]] and [[Dahab]] are the major centres.
The largest population center is Aqaba, with a population of 148,398 (2015), followed by Eilat with a population of 50,724 (2020).
===Extent===
The [[International Hydrographic Organization]] defines the southern limit of the gulf as "A line running from [[Ràs al Fasma]] Southwesterly to [[Requin Island]] ({{coord|27|57|N|34|36|E}}) through [[Tiran Island]] to the Southwest point thereof and thence Westward on a parallel (27°54'N) to the coast of the Sinaï Peninsula".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf|title=Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition|year=1953|publisher=International Hydrographic Organization|access-date=28 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008191433/http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf|archive-date=8 October 2011}}</ref>
==Geology==
The gulf is one of two gulfs created by the Sinai Peninsula's bifurcation of the northern Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez lying to the west of the peninsula and the Gulf of Aqaba to its east. Geologically, the gulf forms the southern end of the [[Dead Sea Transform]]. It contains three small [[pull-apart basin]]s, the Elat Deep, Aragonese Deep and Dakar Deep, formed between four left lateral [[Fault (geology)#Strike-slip faults|strike-slip fault]] segments. Movement on one of these faults caused the [[1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Active Faulting in the Gulf of Aqaba: New Knowledge from the Mw 7.3 Earthquake of 22 November 1995|url=http://www.ipgp.fr/~klinger/page_web/biblio/publication/klinger_BSSA99.pdf|first1=Yann|last1=Klinger|first2=Luis|last2=Rivera|first3=Henri|last3=Haessler|first4=Jean-Christophe|last4=Maurin|journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America|publisher=[[Seismological Society of America]]|volume=89|pages=1025–1036|date=August 1999|issue=4|doi=10.1785/BSSA0890041025|bibcode=1999BuSSA..89.1025K|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125020244/http://www.ipgp.fr/~klinger/page_web/biblio/publication/klinger_BSSA99.pdf|archive-date=25 January 2014|ac23 February 2013}}</ref>
==Ecology==
{{Further|Red Sea#Ecosystem}}
{{Further|Persian Gulf#Wildlife}}
==History==
[[File:Isle of Graia (crop).jpg|thumb|"[[Pharaoh's Island|Isle of Graia]] Gulf of Akabah Arabia Petraea", 1839 lithograph of a trade caravan in [[The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia]], by [[Louis Haghe]] from an original by [[David Roberts (painter)|David Roberts]].]]
Trade across the Red Sea between Thebes' port of [[Elim (Bible)|Elim]] and [[Elat]] at the head of the gulf is documented as early as the [[Fourth Dynasty of Egypt]]. Expeditions crossing the [[Red Sea]] and heading south to [[Land of Punt|Punt]] are mentioned in the [[Fifth dynasty of Egypt|fifth]], the [[Sixth dynasty of Egypt|sixth]], the [[Eleventh dynasty of Egypt|eleventh]], the [[Twelfth dynasty of Egypt|twelfth]] and the [[Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt|eighteenth dynasties of Egypt]], when [[Hatshepsut]] built a fleet to support the trade and journeyed south to Punt in a six-month voyage.{{Citation needed|reason=Feb 2009|date=February 2009}}
Thebes used [[Nubia]]n gold or Nub from her conquests south into [[Kingdom of Kush|Kush]] to facilitate the purchase of [[frankincense]], [[myrrh]], [[bitumen]], [[natron]], juniper oil, [[linen]], and [[copper]] amulets for the [[mummy|mummification]] industry at [[Karnak]]. Egyptian settlements near [[Timna]] at the head of the gulf date to the [[Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt]].
At the northern edge, the ancient c<ref></ref>Traiana Nova]], which joined the King's Highway at Aqaba and connected Africa to Asia and the Levant and [[Red Sea]] shipping.
Aqaba was a major [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] port, connected to [[Damascus]] and [[Medina]] by the [[Hejaz railway' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-{{Short description|Large gulf at the northern tip of the Red Sea}}
+Saudi Arabia was invaded by aliens 👽😥 and all they do there is smoke some of them even look like poop 💩 {{Short description|Large gulf at the northern tip of the Red Sea}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name = Gulf of Aqaba
@@ -15,5 +15,5 @@
| catchment =
| basin_countries = Egypt, Israel, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia
-| length = {{convert|160|km|abbr=on}}
+| length = {{convert|160|km|abbr=on}}'''Bold text'''
| width = {{convert|24|km|abbr=on}}
| area = {{cvt|239|km2}}
@@ -26,15 +26,5 @@
==Geography==
-The gulf is east of the Sinai Peninsula and west of the Arabian Peninsula. With the [[Gulf of Suez]] to the west, it extends from the northern portion of the Red Sea. It reaches a maximum depth of {{convert|1850|m|ft}} in its central area: the Gulf of Suez is significantly wider but less than {{convert|100|m|ft|abbr=on}} deep.
-[[File:Gulf of Suez from orbit 2007.JPG|thumb|The Sinai Peninsula separating the Gulf of Suez to the west and the Gulf of Aqaba, to the east.]]
-[[File:Sinai, Egypt, Canyon through the mountains.jpg|thumb|View of the Gulf of Aqaba near Nuweiba, Egypt.]]
-
-The gulf measures {{convert|24|km|mi|abbr=on}} at its widest point and stretches some {{convert|160|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} north from the [[Straits of Tiran]] to where Israel meets Egypt and Jordan.
-
-[[File:Aqaba3.jpg|thumb|upright|The city of [[Aqaba]] is the largest on the gulf]]
-
-Like the coastal waters of the Red Sea, the gulf is one of the world's premier sites for diving. The area is especially rich in [[coral]] and other marine biodiversity and has both accidental shipwrecks and vessels deliberately sunk in an effort to provide a habitat for marine organisms and bolster the local dive tourism industry.
-
-===Cities===
+The gulf is east of the Sinai Peninsula and west of the Arabian Peninsula. With the [[Gulf of Suez]] to the west, it extends from the northern portion of the Red Sea. It reaches a maximum depth of {{convert|1850|m|ft}} in its central area: the Gulf of Suez is significantly wider but less than {{convert|100|m|ft|
At this northern end of the gulf are three important cities: [[Taba (Egypt)|Taba]] in Egypt, [[Eilat]] in Israel, and [[Aqaba]] in Jordan. They are strategically important commercial ports and popular resorts for tourists seeking to enjoy the warm climate. Further south, [[Haql]] is the largest Saudi Arabian city on the gulf. On Sinai, [[Sharm el-Sheikh]] and [[Dahab]] are the major centres.
@@ -46,5 +36,5 @@
==Geology==
-The gulf is one of two gulfs created by the Sinai Peninsula's bifurcation of the northern Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez lying to the west of the peninsula and the Gulf of Aqaba to its east. Geologically, the gulf forms the southern end of the [[Dead Sea Transform]]. It contains three small [[pull-apart basin]]s, the Elat Deep, Aragonese Deep and Dakar Deep, formed between four left lateral [[Fault (geology)#Strike-slip faults|strike-slip fault]] segments. Movement on one of these faults caused the [[1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Active Faulting in the Gulf of Aqaba: New Knowledge from the Mw 7.3 Earthquake of 22 November 1995|url=http://www.ipgp.fr/~klinger/page_web/biblio/publication/klinger_BSSA99.pdf|first1=Yann|last1=Klinger|first2=Luis|last2=Rivera|first3=Henri|last3=Haessler|first4=Jean-Christophe|last4=Maurin|journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America|publisher=[[Seismological Society of America]]|volume=89|pages=1025–1036|date=August 1999|issue=4|doi=10.1785/BSSA0890041025|bibcode=1999BuSSA..89.1025K|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125020244/http://www.ipgp.fr/~klinger/page_web/biblio/publication/klinger_BSSA99.pdf|archive-date=25 January 2014|access-date=23 February 2013}}</ref>
+The gulf is one of two gulfs created by the Sinai Peninsula's bifurcation of the northern Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez lying to the west of the peninsula and the Gulf of Aqaba to its east. Geologically, the gulf forms the southern end of the [[Dead Sea Transform]]. It contains three small [[pull-apart basin]]s, the Elat Deep, Aragonese Deep and Dakar Deep, formed between four left lateral [[Fault (geology)#Strike-slip faults|strike-slip fault]] segments. Movement on one of these faults caused the [[1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Active Faulting in the Gulf of Aqaba: New Knowledge from the Mw 7.3 Earthquake of 22 November 1995|url=http://www.ipgp.fr/~klinger/page_web/biblio/publication/klinger_BSSA99.pdf|first1=Yann|last1=Klinger|first2=Luis|last2=Rivera|first3=Henri|last3=Haessler|first4=Jean-Christophe|last4=Maurin|journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America|publisher=[[Seismological Society of America]]|volume=89|pages=1025–1036|date=August 1999|issue=4|doi=10.1785/BSSA0890041025|bibcode=1999BuSSA..89.1025K|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125020244/http://www.ipgp.fr/~klinger/page_web/biblio/publication/klinger_BSSA99.pdf|archive-date=25 January 2014|ac23 February 2013}}</ref>
==Ecology==
@@ -58,60 +48,5 @@
Thebes used [[Nubia]]n gold or Nub from her conquests south into [[Kingdom of Kush|Kush]] to facilitate the purchase of [[frankincense]], [[myrrh]], [[bitumen]], [[natron]], juniper oil, [[linen]], and [[copper]] amulets for the [[mummy|mummification]] industry at [[Karnak]]. Egyptian settlements near [[Timna]] at the head of the gulf date to the [[Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt]].
-At the northern edge, the ancient city of Ayla (in present-day Aqaba) was a commercial hub for the [[Nabateans]]. The Romans built the [[Via Traiana Nova]], which joined the King's Highway at Aqaba and connected Africa to Asia and the Levant and [[Red Sea]] shipping.
-
-Aqaba was a major [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] port, connected to [[Damascus]] and [[Medina]] by the [[Hejaz railway]]. During World War I, the [[Battle of Aqaba]] was the key battle that ended a 500-year Ottoman rule over [[Greater Syria]].{{fact|date=June 2022}}
-
-== Fauna ==
-In general, the [[fauna]] in the Red Sea represents the fauna in the waters of the [[Indian Ocean]], except that many species cannot penetrate it due to salinity and temperature limitations and some are only found in the southern part of the Red Sea. A large part of the species in the Red Sea are endemic and the proportion of several groups reaches about 30%. It is possible that some of them developed during the [[Tethys Sea]] period. The endemic species are more suitable to the conditions in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Eilat and therefore thrive there more than the oceanic species.<ref>[[:he:מדריך ישראל|מדריך ישראל]], סיני וחבל עזה, [[:he:הוצאת כתר|הוצאת כתר]] ו[[:he:משרד הביטחון – ההוצאה לאור|משרד הביטחון – ההוצאה לאור]], 1979, עמ' 124–126, 165–157, 239-185</ref>
-
-==Tourism==
-
-The gulf is one of the most popular diving destinations in the world. About 250,000 dives are performed annually in Eilat's 11 km coastline, and diving represents 10% of the tourism income of this area.<ref>Artificial Reefs and Dive Tourism in Eilat, Israel. Dan Wilhelmsson, Marcus C. Öhman, Henrik Ståhl and Yechiam Shlesinger. Ambio, Vol. 27, No. 8, Building Capacity for Coastal Management (Dec., 1998), pp. 764-766 Published by: Allen Press on behalf of Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences {{cite journal |jstor=4314831 |title=Artificial Reefs and Dive Tourism in Eilat, Israel |last1=Wilhelmsson |first1=Dan |last2=Öhman |first2=Marcus C. |last3=Ståhl |first3=Henrik |last4=Shlesinger |first4=Yechiam |journal=Ambio |year=1998 |volume=27 |issue=8 |pages=764–766 }}. the [[United Nations Environment Programme]]. Retrieved on 17 December. 2014</ref>
-
-The Landscape of [[Wadi Rum]] to the east of the northern edge of the gulf is a popular destination. Other destinations are the ruins of the iron-age civilization of Ayla in the city of Aqaba, the site of the World War I [[Battle of Aqaba]], led by [[Lawrence of Arabia]].
-
-[[Whale]]s, [[orca]]s, [[dolphin]]s, [[dugong]]s, and [[whale shark]]s live in the gulf as well.<ref>Sciara di N.G., Smeenk C., Rudolph P., Addink M., Baldwin R., Cesario A., Costa M., Feingold D., Fumagalli M., Kerem D., Goffman O., Elasar M., Scheinin A., Hadar N.. 2014. Summary review of cetaceans of the Red Sea.</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title = Dugongs in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden | work = unep.ch | url = http://unep.ch/regionalseas/main/persga/rednasr.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160128132736/http://www.unep.ch/regionalseas/main/persga/rednasr.html | archive-date = 2016-01-28 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
-
-<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px">
-File:The Underwater Observatory in Eilat.jpg|[[Coral World Underwater Observatory]] at [[Eilat]]
-File:Hilton hotel taba egypt.jpg|[[Taba (Egypt)|Taba]] beach
-File:Sea goldies swimming next to a coral, the Red Sea, Gulf of Eilat, Israel..jpg|Red Sea coral and marine fish
-File:Gulf of Eilat.jpg|A resort near [[Eilat's Coral Beach]]
-</gallery>
-
-==See also==
-{{Div col|small=yes}}
-*[[Al Jawf Region]]/[[Tabuk Region]]
-*[[Aqaba Governorate]]
-*[[Israeli Diving Federation]]
-*[[South Sinai Governorate]]
-*[[Tourism in Egypt]]
-*[[Tourism in Israel]]
-*[[Tourism in Jordan]]
-*[[Bountiful (Book of Mormon)#Wadi Sayq/Khor Kharfot|Wadi Sayq/Khor Kharfot]]
-{{Div col end}}
-
-==References==
-{{reflist}}
-
-==External links==
-{{commons category}}
-* [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Regional%20Projects/Gulf%20of%20Aqaba-%20Environment The Red Sea Marine Peace Park] page on [[Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel|Israel's Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] – a joint Israel-Jordan initiative
-
-{{List of seas}}
-{{Authority control}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
+At the northern edge, the ancient c<ref></ref>Traiana Nova]], which joined the King's Highway at Aqaba and connected Africa to Asia and the Levant and [[Red Sea]] shipping.
-[[Category:Bodies of water of the Red Sea]]
-[[Category:Gulfs of the Indian Ocean|Aqaba]]
-[[Category:Bodies of water of Egypt]]
-[[Category:Bodies of water of Israel]]
-[[Category:Bodies of water of Jordan]]
-[[Category:Gulfs of Saudi Arabia]]
-[[Category:Aqaba]]
-[[Category:Great Rift Valley]]
-[[Category:South Sinai Governorate]]
-[[Category:Jordan–Saudi Arabia border]]
-[[Category:Israel–Jordan border]]
-[[Category:Egypt–Israel border]]
-[[Category:Gulfs of Asia|Aqaba]]
+Aqaba was a major [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] port, connected to [[Damascus]] and [[Medina]] by the [[Hejaz railway
' |
New page size (new_size) | 6336 |
Old page size (old_size) | 11612 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta) | -5276 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [
0 => 'Saudi Arabia was invaded by aliens 👽😥 and all they do there is smoke some of them even look like poop 💩 {{Short description|Large gulf at the northern tip of the Red Sea}}',
1 => '| length = {{convert|160|km|abbr=on}}'''Bold text'''',
2 => 'The gulf is east of the Sinai Peninsula and west of the Arabian Peninsula. With the [[Gulf of Suez]] to the west, it extends from the northern portion of the Red Sea. It reaches a maximum depth of {{convert|1850|m|ft}} in its central area: the Gulf of Suez is significantly wider but less than {{convert|100|m|ft|',
3 => 'The gulf is one of two gulfs created by the Sinai Peninsula's bifurcation of the northern Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez lying to the west of the peninsula and the Gulf of Aqaba to its east. Geologically, the gulf forms the southern end of the [[Dead Sea Transform]]. It contains three small [[pull-apart basin]]s, the Elat Deep, Aragonese Deep and Dakar Deep, formed between four left lateral [[Fault (geology)#Strike-slip faults|strike-slip fault]] segments. Movement on one of these faults caused the [[1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Active Faulting in the Gulf of Aqaba: New Knowledge from the Mw 7.3 Earthquake of 22 November 1995|url=http://www.ipgp.fr/~klinger/page_web/biblio/publication/klinger_BSSA99.pdf|first1=Yann|last1=Klinger|first2=Luis|last2=Rivera|first3=Henri|last3=Haessler|first4=Jean-Christophe|last4=Maurin|journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America|publisher=[[Seismological Society of America]]|volume=89|pages=1025–1036|date=August 1999|issue=4|doi=10.1785/BSSA0890041025|bibcode=1999BuSSA..89.1025K|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125020244/http://www.ipgp.fr/~klinger/page_web/biblio/publication/klinger_BSSA99.pdf|archive-date=25 January 2014|ac23 February 2013}}</ref>',
4 => 'At the northern edge, the ancient c<ref></ref>Traiana Nova]], which joined the King's Highway at Aqaba and connected Africa to Asia and the Levant and [[Red Sea]] shipping.',
5 => 'Aqaba was a major [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] port, connected to [[Damascus]] and [[Medina]] by the [[Hejaz railway'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '{{Short description|Large gulf at the northern tip of the Red Sea}}',
1 => '| length = {{convert|160|km|abbr=on}}',
2 => 'The gulf is east of the Sinai Peninsula and west of the Arabian Peninsula. With the [[Gulf of Suez]] to the west, it extends from the northern portion of the Red Sea. It reaches a maximum depth of {{convert|1850|m|ft}} in its central area: the Gulf of Suez is significantly wider but less than {{convert|100|m|ft|abbr=on}} deep.',
3 => '[[File:Gulf of Suez from orbit 2007.JPG|thumb|The Sinai Peninsula separating the Gulf of Suez to the west and the Gulf of Aqaba, to the east.]]',
4 => '[[File:Sinai, Egypt, Canyon through the mountains.jpg|thumb|View of the Gulf of Aqaba near Nuweiba, Egypt.]]',
5 => '',
6 => 'The gulf measures {{convert|24|km|mi|abbr=on}} at its widest point and stretches some {{convert|160|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} north from the [[Straits of Tiran]] to where Israel meets Egypt and Jordan.',
7 => '',
8 => '[[File:Aqaba3.jpg|thumb|upright|The city of [[Aqaba]] is the largest on the gulf]]',
9 => '',
10 => 'Like the coastal waters of the Red Sea, the gulf is one of the world's premier sites for diving. The area is especially rich in [[coral]] and other marine biodiversity and has both accidental shipwrecks and vessels deliberately sunk in an effort to provide a habitat for marine organisms and bolster the local dive tourism industry.',
11 => '',
12 => '===Cities===',
13 => 'The gulf is one of two gulfs created by the Sinai Peninsula's bifurcation of the northern Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez lying to the west of the peninsula and the Gulf of Aqaba to its east. Geologically, the gulf forms the southern end of the [[Dead Sea Transform]]. It contains three small [[pull-apart basin]]s, the Elat Deep, Aragonese Deep and Dakar Deep, formed between four left lateral [[Fault (geology)#Strike-slip faults|strike-slip fault]] segments. Movement on one of these faults caused the [[1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Active Faulting in the Gulf of Aqaba: New Knowledge from the Mw 7.3 Earthquake of 22 November 1995|url=http://www.ipgp.fr/~klinger/page_web/biblio/publication/klinger_BSSA99.pdf|first1=Yann|last1=Klinger|first2=Luis|last2=Rivera|first3=Henri|last3=Haessler|first4=Jean-Christophe|last4=Maurin|journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America|publisher=[[Seismological Society of America]]|volume=89|pages=1025–1036|date=August 1999|issue=4|doi=10.1785/BSSA0890041025|bibcode=1999BuSSA..89.1025K|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125020244/http://www.ipgp.fr/~klinger/page_web/biblio/publication/klinger_BSSA99.pdf|archive-date=25 January 2014|access-date=23 February 2013}}</ref>',
14 => 'At the northern edge, the ancient city of Ayla (in present-day Aqaba) was a commercial hub for the [[Nabateans]]. The Romans built the [[Via Traiana Nova]], which joined the King's Highway at Aqaba and connected Africa to Asia and the Levant and [[Red Sea]] shipping.',
15 => '',
16 => 'Aqaba was a major [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] port, connected to [[Damascus]] and [[Medina]] by the [[Hejaz railway]]. During World War I, the [[Battle of Aqaba]] was the key battle that ended a 500-year Ottoman rule over [[Greater Syria]].{{fact|date=June 2022}}',
17 => '',
18 => '== Fauna ==',
19 => 'In general, the [[fauna]] in the Red Sea represents the fauna in the waters of the [[Indian Ocean]], except that many species cannot penetrate it due to salinity and temperature limitations and some are only found in the southern part of the Red Sea. A large part of the species in the Red Sea are endemic and the proportion of several groups reaches about 30%. It is possible that some of them developed during the [[Tethys Sea]] period. The endemic species are more suitable to the conditions in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Eilat and therefore thrive there more than the oceanic species.<ref>[[:he:מדריך ישראל|מדריך ישראל]], סיני וחבל עזה, [[:he:הוצאת כתר|הוצאת כתר]] ו[[:he:משרד הביטחון – ההוצאה לאור|משרד הביטחון – ההוצאה לאור]], 1979, עמ' 124–126, 165–157, 239-185</ref>',
20 => '',
21 => '==Tourism==',
22 => '',
23 => 'The gulf is one of the most popular diving destinations in the world. About 250,000 dives are performed annually in Eilat's 11 km coastline, and diving represents 10% of the tourism income of this area.<ref>Artificial Reefs and Dive Tourism in Eilat, Israel. Dan Wilhelmsson, Marcus C. Öhman, Henrik Ståhl and Yechiam Shlesinger. Ambio, Vol. 27, No. 8, Building Capacity for Coastal Management (Dec., 1998), pp. 764-766 Published by: Allen Press on behalf of Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences {{cite journal |jstor=4314831 |title=Artificial Reefs and Dive Tourism in Eilat, Israel |last1=Wilhelmsson |first1=Dan |last2=Öhman |first2=Marcus C. |last3=Ståhl |first3=Henrik |last4=Shlesinger |first4=Yechiam |journal=Ambio |year=1998 |volume=27 |issue=8 |pages=764–766 }}. the [[United Nations Environment Programme]]. Retrieved on 17 December. 2014</ref>',
24 => '',
25 => 'The Landscape of [[Wadi Rum]] to the east of the northern edge of the gulf is a popular destination. Other destinations are the ruins of the iron-age civilization of Ayla in the city of Aqaba, the site of the World War I [[Battle of Aqaba]], led by [[Lawrence of Arabia]].',
26 => '',
27 => '[[Whale]]s, [[orca]]s, [[dolphin]]s, [[dugong]]s, and [[whale shark]]s live in the gulf as well.<ref>Sciara di N.G., Smeenk C., Rudolph P., Addink M., Baldwin R., Cesario A., Costa M., Feingold D., Fumagalli M., Kerem D., Goffman O., Elasar M., Scheinin A., Hadar N.. 2014. Summary review of cetaceans of the Red Sea.</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title = Dugongs in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden | work = unep.ch | url = http://unep.ch/regionalseas/main/persga/rednasr.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160128132736/http://www.unep.ch/regionalseas/main/persga/rednasr.html | archive-date = 2016-01-28 | url-status = dead }}</ref>',
28 => '',
29 => '<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px">',
30 => 'File:The Underwater Observatory in Eilat.jpg|[[Coral World Underwater Observatory]] at [[Eilat]]',
31 => 'File:Hilton hotel taba egypt.jpg|[[Taba (Egypt)|Taba]] beach',
32 => 'File:Sea goldies swimming next to a coral, the Red Sea, Gulf of Eilat, Israel..jpg|Red Sea coral and marine fish',
33 => 'File:Gulf of Eilat.jpg|A resort near [[Eilat's Coral Beach]]',
34 => '</gallery>',
35 => '',
36 => '==See also==',
37 => '{{Div col|small=yes}}',
38 => '*[[Al Jawf Region]]/[[Tabuk Region]]',
39 => '*[[Aqaba Governorate]]',
40 => '*[[Israeli Diving Federation]]',
41 => '*[[South Sinai Governorate]]',
42 => '*[[Tourism in Egypt]]',
43 => '*[[Tourism in Israel]]',
44 => '*[[Tourism in Jordan]]',
45 => '*[[Bountiful (Book of Mormon)#Wadi Sayq/Khor Kharfot|Wadi Sayq/Khor Kharfot]]',
46 => '{{Div col end}}',
47 => '',
48 => '==References==',
49 => '{{reflist}}',
50 => '',
51 => '==External links==',
52 => '{{commons category}}',
53 => '* [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Regional%20Projects/Gulf%20of%20Aqaba-%20Environment The Red Sea Marine Peace Park] page on [[Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel|Israel's Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] – a joint Israel-Jordan initiative',
54 => '',
55 => '{{List of seas}}',
56 => '{{Authority control}}',
57 => '{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}',
58 => '[[Category:Bodies of water of the Red Sea]]',
59 => '[[Category:Gulfs of the Indian Ocean|Aqaba]]',
60 => '[[Category:Bodies of water of Egypt]]',
61 => '[[Category:Bodies of water of Israel]]',
62 => '[[Category:Bodies of water of Jordan]]',
63 => '[[Category:Gulfs of Saudi Arabia]]',
64 => '[[Category:Aqaba]]',
65 => '[[Category:Great Rift Valley]]',
66 => '[[Category:South Sinai Governorate]]',
67 => '[[Category:Jordan–Saudi Arabia border]]',
68 => '[[Category:Israel–Jordan border]]',
69 => '[[Category:Egypt–Israel border]]',
70 => '[[Category:Gulfs of Asia|Aqaba]]'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links) | [
0 => 'http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Regional%20Projects/Gulf%20of%20Aqaba-%20Environment',
1 => 'http://unep.ch/regionalseas/main/persga/rednasr.html',
2 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160128132736/http://www.unep.ch/regionalseas/main/persga/rednasr.html',
3 => 'https://viaf.org/viaf/248499846',
4 => 'https://d-nb.info/gnd/4000866-6',
5 => 'https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10038098',
6 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81611#identifiers',
7 => 'https://www.idref.fr/175750092',
8 => 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/4314831',
9 => 'https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85006208',
10 => 'http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007602290105171'
] |
All external links in the new text (all_links) | [
0 => 'https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gulf_of_Aqaba¶ms=28_45_N_34_45_E_type:waterbody_scale:1000000',
1 => 'https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gulf_of_Aqaba¶ms=27_57_N_34_36_E_',
2 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20111008191433/http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf',
3 => 'https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf',
4 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20140125020244/http://www.ipgp.fr/~klinger/page_web/biblio/publication/klinger_BSSA99.pdf',
5 => 'https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999BuSSA..89.1025K',
6 => 'https://doi.org/10.1785%2FBSSA0890041025',
7 => 'http://www.ipgp.fr/~klinger/page_web/biblio/publication/klinger_BSSA99.pdf'
] |
Links in the page, before the edit (old_links) | [
0 => 'http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Regional%20Projects/Gulf%20of%20Aqaba-%20Environment',
1 => 'http://www.ipgp.fr/~klinger/page_web/biblio/publication/klinger_BSSA99.pdf',
2 => 'http://unep.ch/regionalseas/main/persga/rednasr.html',
3 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20111008191433/http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf',
4 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20140125020244/http://www.ipgp.fr/~klinger/page_web/biblio/publication/klinger_BSSA99.pdf',
5 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160128132736/http://www.unep.ch/regionalseas/main/persga/rednasr.html',
6 => 'https://viaf.org/viaf/248499846',
7 => 'https://d-nb.info/gnd/4000866-6',
8 => 'https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10038098',
9 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81611#identifiers',
10 => 'https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf',
11 => 'https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999BuSSA..89.1025K',
12 => 'https://www.idref.fr/175750092',
13 => 'https://doi.org/10.1785%2FBSSA0890041025',
14 => 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/4314831',
15 => 'https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85006208',
16 => 'https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gulf_of_Aqaba¶ms=28_45_N_34_45_E_type:waterbody_scale:1000000',
17 => 'https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gulf_of_Aqaba¶ms=27_57_N_34_36_E_',
18 => 'http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007602290105171'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>Saudi Arabia was invaded by aliens 👽😥 and all they do there is smoke some of them even look like poop 💩 </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Large gulf at the northern tip of the Red Sea</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1218072481">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">Gulf of Aqaba</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname" style="font-size:100%; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;">Gulf of Eilat</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname" style="font-size:100%; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">خَلِيج الْعَقَبَة</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">מפרץ אילת</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gulf_of_Suez_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Gulf_of_Suez_map.jpg/264px-Gulf_of_Suez_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Gulf_of_Suez_map.jpg/396px-Gulf_of_Suez_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Gulf_of_Suez_map.jpg/528px-Gulf_of_Suez_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a> with the Gulf of Aqaba to the east and the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Suez" title="Gulf of Suez">Gulf of Suez</a> to the west</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219143323">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#000;color:#fff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#000;color:#fff}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gulf of Aqaba is located in Egypt"><img alt="Gulf of Aqaba is located in Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg/256px-Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg/384px-Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg/512px-Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1055" data-file-height="973" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.019%;left:80.534%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gulf of Aqaba"><img alt="Gulf of Aqaba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Gulf of Aqaba</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data region"><a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West Asia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Geographical coordinates">Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gulf_of_Aqaba&params=28_45_N_34_45_E_type:waterbody_scale:1000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">28°45′N</span> <span class="longitude">34°45′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">28.750°N 34.750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">28.750; 34.750</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Body_of_water#Waterbody_types" title="Body of water">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Gulf</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Inflow_(hydrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflow (hydrology)"><span title="Primary inflows: rivers, streams, precipitation">Primary inflows</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Basin</a> countries</th><td class="infobox-data">Egypt, Israel, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. length</th><td class="infobox-data">160 km (99 mi)<b>Bold text</b></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. width</th><td class="infobox-data">24 km (15 mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface area</th><td class="infobox-data">239 km<sup>2</sup> (92 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. depth</th><td class="infobox-data">1,850 m (6,070 ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settlements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aqaba" title="Aqaba">Aqaba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eilat" title="Eilat">Eilat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taba,_Egypt" title="Taba, Egypt">Taba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haql" title="Haql">Haql</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh" title="Sharm El Sheikh">Sharm El Sheikh</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The <b>Gulf of Aqaba</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">خَلِيج الْعَقَبَة</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Khalīj al-ʿAqaba</i></span>) or <b>Gulf of Eilat</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">מפרץ אילת</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Mifrátz Eilát</i></span>) is a large <a href="/wiki/Gulf" title="Gulf">gulf</a> at the northern tip of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>, east of the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a> and west of the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a>. Its coastline is divided among four countries: <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Eilat%27s_Coral_Beach" title="Eilat's Coral Beach">northernmost coral reef</a> in the world is situated near the <a href="/wiki/Eilat" title="Eilat">Eilat</a> shore.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Geography"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Geography</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Extent"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Extent</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Geology"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Geology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Ecology"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Ecology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Geography">Geography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Aqaba&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The gulf is east of the Sinai Peninsula and west of the Arabian Peninsula. With the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Suez" title="Gulf of Suez">Gulf of Suez</a> to the west, it extends from the northern portion of the Red Sea. It reaches a maximum depth of 1,850 metres (6,070 ft) in its central area: the Gulf of Suez is significantly wider but less than {{convert|100|m|ft|
</p><p>At this northern end of the gulf are three important cities: <a href="/wiki/Taba_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taba (Egypt)">Taba</a> in Egypt, <a href="/wiki/Eilat" title="Eilat">Eilat</a> in Israel, and <a href="/wiki/Aqaba" title="Aqaba">Aqaba</a> in Jordan. They are strategically important commercial ports and popular resorts for tourists seeking to enjoy the warm climate. Further south, <a href="/wiki/Haql" title="Haql">Haql</a> is the largest Saudi Arabian city on the gulf. On Sinai, <a href="/wiki/Sharm_el-Sheikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharm el-Sheikh">Sharm el-Sheikh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dahab" title="Dahab">Dahab</a> are the major centres.
</p><p>The largest population center is Aqaba, with a population of 148,398 (2015), followed by Eilat with a population of 50,724 (2020).
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Extent">Extent</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Aqaba&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Extent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Hydrographic_Organization" title="International Hydrographic Organization">International Hydrographic Organization</a> defines the southern limit of the gulf as "A line running from <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A0s_al_Fasma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ràs al Fasma (page does not exist)">Ràs al Fasma</a> Southwesterly to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Requin_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Requin Island (page does not exist)">Requin Island</a> (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gulf_of_Aqaba&params=27_57_N_34_36_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°57′N</span> <span class="longitude">34°36′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.950°N 34.600°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">27.950; 34.600</span></span></span></a></span></span>) through <a href="/wiki/Tiran_Island" title="Tiran Island">Tiran Island</a> to the Southwest point thereof and thence Westward on a parallel (27°54'N) to the coast of the Sinaï Peninsula".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Geology">Geology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Aqaba&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The gulf is one of two gulfs created by the Sinai Peninsula's bifurcation of the northern Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez lying to the west of the peninsula and the Gulf of Aqaba to its east. Geologically, the gulf forms the southern end of the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Transform" title="Dead Sea Transform">Dead Sea Transform</a>. It contains three small <a href="/wiki/Pull-apart_basin" title="Pull-apart basin">pull-apart basins</a>, the Elat Deep, Aragonese Deep and Dakar Deep, formed between four left lateral <a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)#Strike-slip_faults" title="Fault (geology)">strike-slip fault</a> segments. Movement on one of these faults caused the <a href="/wiki/1995_Gulf_of_Aqaba_earthquake" title="1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake">1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Ecology">Ecology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Aqaba&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea#Ecosystem" title="Red Sea">Red Sea § Ecosystem</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf#Wildlife" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf § Wildlife</a></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Aqaba&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isle_of_Graia_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Isle_of_Graia_%28crop%29.jpg/220px-Isle_of_Graia_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Isle_of_Graia_%28crop%29.jpg/330px-Isle_of_Graia_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Isle_of_Graia_%28crop%29.jpg/440px-Isle_of_Graia_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2943" data-file-height="1994" /></a><figcaption>"<a href="/wiki/Pharaoh%27s_Island" title="Pharaoh's Island">Isle of Graia</a> Gulf of Akabah Arabia Petraea", 1839 lithograph of a trade caravan in <a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Land,_Syria,_Idumea,_Arabia,_Egypt,_and_Nubia" title="The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia">The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Haghe" title="Louis Haghe">Louis Haghe</a> from an original by <a href="/wiki/David_Roberts_(painter)" title="David Roberts (painter)">David Roberts</a>.</figcaption></figure>
<p>Trade across the Red Sea between Thebes' port of <a href="/wiki/Elim_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elim (Bible)">Elim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elat" class="mw-redirect" title="Elat">Elat</a> at the head of the gulf is documented as early as the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt">Fourth Dynasty of Egypt</a>. Expeditions crossing the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> and heading south to <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Punt" title="Land of Punt">Punt</a> are mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth dynasty of Egypt">fifth</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixth dynasty of Egypt">sixth</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleventh dynasty of Egypt">eleventh</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelfth dynasty of Egypt">twelfth</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt">eighteenth dynasties of Egypt</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a> built a fleet to support the trade and journeyed south to Punt in a six-month voyage.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Feb 2009 (February 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
Thebes used <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubian</a> gold or Nub from her conquests south into <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush">Kush</a> to facilitate the purchase of <a href="/wiki/Frankincense" title="Frankincense">frankincense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myrrh" title="Myrrh">myrrh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">bitumen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natron" title="Natron">natron</a>, juniper oil, <a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">linen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> amulets for the <a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">mummification</a> industry at <a href="/wiki/Karnak" title="Karnak">Karnak</a>. Egyptian settlements near <a href="/wiki/Timna" title="Timna">Timna</a> at the head of the gulf date to the <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt">Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt</a>.
</p><p>At the northern edge, the ancient c<span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: There are <code><ref></code> tags on this page without content in them (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_ref_no_input" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error ref no input">help page</a>).</span>Traiana Nova]], which joined the King's Highway at Aqaba and connected Africa to Asia and the Levant and <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> shipping.
</p><p>Aqaba was a major <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> port, connected to <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> by the [[Hejaz railway
</p>
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215172403">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008191433/http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf">"Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Limits+of+Oceans+and+Seas%2C+3rd+edition&rft.pub=International+Hydrographic+Organization&rft.date=1953&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiho.int%2Fuploads%2Fuser%2Fpubs%2Fstandards%2Fs-23%2FS-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+Aqaba" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFKlingerRiveraHaesslerMaurin1999" class="citation journal cs1">Klinger, Yann; Rivera, Luis; Haessler, Henri; Maurin, Jean-Christophe (August 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140125020244/http://www.ipgp.fr/~klinger/page_web/biblio/publication/klinger_BSSA99.pdf">"Active Faulting in the Gulf of Aqaba: New Knowledge from the Mw 7.3 Earthquake of 22 November 1995"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America</i>. <b>89</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Seismological_Society_of_America" title="Seismological Society of America">Seismological Society of America</a>: 1025–1036. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999BuSSA..89.1025K">1999BuSSA..89.1025K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1785%2FBSSA0890041025">10.1785/BSSA0890041025</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipgp.fr/~klinger/page_web/biblio/publication/klinger_BSSA99.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Seismological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Active+Faulting+in+the+Gulf+of+Aqaba%3A+New+Knowledge+from+the+Mw+7.3+Earthquake+of+22+November+1995&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1025-1036&rft.date=1999-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1785%2FBSSA0890041025&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999BuSSA..89.1025K&rft.aulast=Klinger&rft.aufirst=Yann&rft.au=Rivera%2C+Luis&rft.au=Haessler%2C+Henri&rft.au=Maurin%2C+Jean-Christophe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipgp.fr%2F~klinger%2Fpage_web%2Fbiblio%2Fpublication%2Fklinger_BSSA99.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+Aqaba" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Text "ac23 February 2013" ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#text_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1714769309' |
